International Relations
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United Nations Warns Multilateral Systems ‘Gravely Unprepared’ in First Global Risk Report
25-July-2025
In a landmark assessment released today, the United Nations unveiled its inaugural Global Risk Report, a comprehensive evaluation of the world’s most pressing vulnerabilities.
Based on interviews with over 1,100 experts from government, academia, industry, and civil society, the report delivers a stark warning: multilateral institutions are dangerously underprepared to address converging global threats.
The UN report, co-developed with the NUS Lloyd’s Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk (IPUR), identifies three major clusters of high-priority, yet under-addressed risks:
Digital & Cyber Threats – including large-scale cyber‑attacks, AI system failures, and digital infrastructure breakdowns.
Health & Social Crises – encompassing pandemics and mass migration due to environmental change or conflict.
Resource and Environmental Shortfalls – spanning biodiversity collapse, extreme weather events, and freshwater scarcity.
Mis- and disinformation emerged as the single top "global risk vulnerability"—a modern threat unique in its capacity to erode trust and disrupt coordinated responses miragenews.com.
The report highlights a troubling gap: while these threats are recognized as critically important, global structures to address them are "gravely lacking." Experts emphasize the need to reinvigorate universal cooperation—despite mounting geopolitical tensions and increasing fragmentation—to strengthen resilience across all sectors .
The UN report adopts a short-term lens, focusing on risks that could ignite crises within the next two years. It complements other studies like the World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2025, which similarly ranks state-based conflict, extreme weather, cyber threats, and disinformation as top global risks reliefweb.int+9sdg.iisd.org+9capacity4dev.europa.eu+9. However, the UN analysis places special emphasis on systemic preparedness rather than probability rankings.
This first UN-run risks report positions institutional readiness—not just hazard assessment—as a fundamental pillar of global security. By identifying not only what the threats are, but also pointing out the weakest links in prevention and response systems, the report sets a roadmap for policy makers and international organisations.
Strengthen multilateral frameworks by empowering institutions like WHO, UNEP, and ITU to tackle cross-border digital, health, and environmental threats.
Scale up risk-informed investment, channeling public and private capital into resilience—especially in vulnerable regions.
Tackle disinformation through global cooperation on media literacy, AI governance, and digital ethics.
Break down silos across scientific, financial, diplomatic, and civil society networks to foster systems-level coordination.
United Nations Future - A Challenge of Reformation
22-June-2025
The United Nations (UN), founded in 1945 in the aftermath of World War II, was created to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations. Over the past eight decades, the organization has played a pivotal role in mediating conflicts, delivering humanitarian aid, supporting sustainable development, and upholding international law. Yet, as the world becomes increasingly complex and interconnected, questions arise about the UN’s ability to adapt to modern challenges.
The future of the United Nations will depend on its willingness to reform, embrace new technologies, and better represent the current geopolitical landscape. One of the most pressing challenges facing the UN is the need for institutional reform. The Security Council, arguably the most powerful arm of the UN, reflects a post-World War II power structure. Its five permanent members (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China) hold veto power, a privilege increasingly criticized as outdated and undemocratic. Emerging economies such as India, Brazil, and South Africa seek greater influence within the organization. For the UN to remain legitimate and effective, it must evolve to include more equitable representation that mirrors 21st-century realities.
Another key aspect of the UN's future lies in its ability to address global crises that transcend borders. Climate change, pandemics, cyber threats, and large-scale migration are problems that no single nation can solve alone. The UN is uniquely positioned to coordinate international responses, but it must become more agile and responsive. Bureaucratic inefficiencies have hampered some of its past efforts, such as in early COVID-19 coordination. Strengthening internal accountability, improving transparency, and enhancing cooperation with regional organizations and civil society groups could significantly improve the UN’s effectiveness in crisis response.
Technology and innovation also hold enormous potential for the future of the UN. Artificial intelligence, satellite monitoring, and digital platforms can improve peacekeeping operations, monitor human rights violations in real-time, and facilitate faster humanitarian responses. The UN has already begun exploring some of these technologies, but widespread adoption and integration will be necessary. At the same time, the organization must play a key role in establishing international norms and ethical standards for emerging technologies, especially in areas like AI governance and cybersecurity.
The future of the UN also depends heavily on political will and multilateral cooperation. In recent years, the rise of nationalism and populism in various countries has led to decreased support for international institutions. Some member states have questioned the relevance and cost of the UN, leading to funding shortfalls and reduced participation. To overcome this, the UN must clearly demonstrate its value to the global community and reassert the importance of multilateralism in solving collective problems. Encouraging greater youth involvement, fostering grassroots diplomacy, and promoting inclusive dialogue can help build renewed trust in the organization.
Furthermore, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 remains a central pillar of the UN’s agenda. Progress has been uneven, and COVID-19 has reversed gains in many areas such as poverty reduction and gender equality. To stay on track, the UN must encourage innovative financing, public-private partnerships, and data-driven policymaking. Ensuring that no one is left behind—especially vulnerable populations in developing countries—will be key to maintaining the UN’s moral authority and leadership.
In conclusion, the United Nations faces both significant challenges and promising opportunities. Its future will depend on bold reforms, a commitment to equity, technological innovation, and the rekindling of international solidarity. While the UN is far from perfect, it remains one of humanity’s best tools for addressing the shared problems of our global society. To ensure a more peaceful, just, and sustainable future, the international community must invest in strengthening and evolving this vital institution.
Full Transparency on Spyware Surveillance of Italian Journalist
16-June-2025
The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), alongside other Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) partners, is calling on Italian authorities to fully investigate the surveillance of investigative journalist Francesco Cancellato, editor-in-chief of Fanpage, and others allegedly targeted with the Graphite spyware, developed by Israeli firm Paragon Solutions.
This alarming case marks yet another serious attack on press freedom within the EU, where journalists' secure communications and confidential sources have been compromised using military-grade spyware.
On 1 February 2025, it was revealed that Cancellato was one of over 90 individuals worldwide whose WhatsApp was hacked using Graphite, a zero-click spyware product exclusively marketed to state intelligence and law enforcement agencies. WhatsApp, which said it blocked the spyware in December 2024, confirmed that journalists and civil society members across 13 EU Member States were among the targets.
Cancellato is the only journalist to come forward publicly to date. The full scope of the surveillance remains unknown, including how long he was targeted and the extent of the breach. Notably, he has received no official explanation and has never been under investigation, raising grave concerns about potential misuse of surveillance tools.
Fanpage has recently published investigations into the youth wing of the ruling Brothers of Italy party. While the Italian government acknowledged that seven individuals were targeted with spyware and confirmed law enforcement agencies use such tools, it denied any involvement in surveilling journalists and has not confirmed any contracts with Paragon. Nonetheless, reports suggest Paragon has suspended or canceled at least one of its contracts with Italy over misuse concerns.
MFRR and its partners emphasize the urgent need for a transparent and comprehensive investigation to identify those responsible, determine how many journalists were affected, and assess the legal justifications for such surveillance—if any existed.
In light of the expanding use of spyware worldwide and increasing threats to journalists, we call on the EU to rigorously enforce the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA). Under Article 4, spyware use against journalists is strictly limited to specific legal cases requiring judicial approval. Those surveilled also have the right to be informed under Article 4.7.
Press Freedom: A Crucial Pillar in War Times
04-June-2025
In times of conflict and war, the role of a free and independent press becomes more vital than ever. Press freedom ensures that accurate, timely, and unbiased information reaches the public, policymakers, and the international community, which is essential for making informed decisions and fostering accountability.
During war times, misinformation and propaganda can easily spread, fueling tensions and complicating efforts toward peace. A free press acts as a watchdog, scrutinizing actions of all parties involved, exposing human rights violations, and providing a platform for diverse voices, including those of victims and marginalized groups.
Moreover, press freedom supports transparency, helping to prevent abuses of power and ensuring that governments and armed groups are held accountable for their actions. It also enables journalists to operate safely and independently, even in dangerous environments, which is crucial for uncovering the truth and documenting atrocities.
Protecting press freedom during conflicts not only upholds democratic values but also contributes to conflict resolution and post-war recovery. When journalists can report without fear of censorship or violence, the international community is better equipped to respond effectively and ethically.
In summary, press freedom is a cornerstone of peace, justice, and human rights—especially in war times. Ensuring that journalists can work freely and safely is essential for a truthful, transparent, and accountable society, ultimately paving the way toward lasting peace.
New law threatens to stifle free media in Hungary
01-June-2025
A recently introduced bill in Hungary’s parliament has raised alarms across the international community, with organizations like Reporters Without Borders (RSF) condemning its potential impact on press freedom.
The legislation, titled "On the Transparency of Public Life," aims to impose strict restrictions on foreign-funded media outlets, threatening them with severe economic sanctions unless they align with Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s ultra-conservative political agenda.
The bill was presented on May 13 by János Halász, a member of parliament representing the ruling Fidesz party. It proposes hefty fines for media organizations and NGOs that receive foreign funding, including from the European Union, citing concerns over “national sovereignty.” However, critics argue that the bill’s vague language—covering topics from “the unity of the Hungarian nation” to “traditional family structures” and “Christian culture”—could be used to target any reporting that challenges the government’s narrative.
Anja Osterhaus, RSF’s Executive Director, expressed deep concern: “The Hungarian bill endangers independent reporting that does not conform to Viktor Orbán’s nationalist, ultra-conservative line. The European Union has enacted groundbreaking legislation to safeguard press freedom and media pluralism. It is crucial that the EU now uses all available tools to defend the remaining free media in Hungary.”
The proposed law bears similarities to Russia’s 2019 “agent law,” which allows authorities to blacklist media outlets and NGOs suspected of “anti-Hungarian” statements. Under the new Hungarian legislation, such outlets would be required to disclose their funding sources, and those receiving foreign funds could face fines up to 25 times the amount received.
This legislative move directly contradicts the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), passed in 2024, which guarantees EU citizens the right to access reliable information and promotes transparent, independent media funding. Observers see the bill as part of an aggressive campaign by the Hungarian government to discredit political opponents and independent media ahead of the 2026 parliamentary elections. In March 2025, Prime Minister Orbán publicly referred to critical journalists, politicians, and judges as “insects” who “survived the winter,” highlighting the tense political climate.
Hungary currently ranks 68th out of 180 countries in RSF’s 2025 World Press Freedom Index, reflecting ongoing challenges to media independence in the country.
As the debate continues, international voices are calling on the European Commission to stand firm in defending press freedom and ensuring that Hungary’s media landscape remains open and diverse.
Sweden to summon Israeli ambassador over Gaza
27-May-2025
Sweden's foreign ministry will summon Israel's ambassador in Stockholm to protest against a lack of humanitarian aid to people in Gaza, Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson said on Monday.
Last week, under growing international pressure, Israeli authorities allowed a trickle of aid into the Palestinian enclave but the few hundred trucks carried only a tiny fraction of the food needed by a population of 2 million at risk of famine after nearly three months of blockade.
Kristersson told Swedish news agency TT that the European Union should impose sanctions and exert diplomatic pressure on Israel to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza.
"We have been incredibly clear about that, ourselves and together with many other European countries," Kristersson told TT.
"That pressure is now increasing, no doubt, and for very good reasons," he said.
The Swedish prime minister's office confirmed to Reuters that Kristersson had made the statement.
Israel launched an air and ground war in Gaza after Hamas militants' cross-border attack on October 7, 2023, which killed some 1,200 people by Israeli tallies and saw 251 hostages abducted into Gaza. The Israeli campaign has since killed more than 53,900 Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities, and devastated the coastal strip. Aid groups say signs of severe malnutrition are widespread.
In Berlin, broad backing for UN peacekeeping as global threats mount
14-May-2025
In an powerful evenet of international solidarity, over 130 countries and global partners united this week to bolster UN peacekeeping efforts during a high-level ministerial summit hosted by Germany.
The two-day conference brought together more than 1,000 participants, including defense and foreign ministers, all committed to strengthening the UN’s vital role in maintaining peace and stability around the world.
The summit saw a flurry of pledges, with nations promising to contribute military and police units, provide specialized training, and invest in cutting-edge technologies and strategic communication tools. These commitments aim to enhance the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions and adapt to the evolving challenges of today’s global security landscape.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the importance of these efforts, warning that peace operations are under increasing strain and must evolve to confront new threats. “Our peacekeeping missions are facing unprecedented challenges, and it is crucial that we adapt and innovate to meet these demands,” he stated.
The conference’s conclusion highlighted a shared resolve among nations to support the UN’s flagship peacekeeping initiatives, ensuring they remain robust and responsive in a rapidly changing world. As the international community continues to rally behind these efforts, the hope is that peace and stability will be strengthened for communities worldwide.
Denmark plans to call in US ambassador over Greenland spying report
08-May-2025
Danish Foreign Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen expressed concern on Wednesday over reports that the United States has increased its intelligence activities targeting Greenland.
The Wall Street Journal revealed that Washington had ordered U.S. intelligence agencies to step up spying efforts on the semi-autonomous Danish territory in the Arctic.
Rasmussen, speaking during an informal gathering of EU foreign ministers in Warsaw, emphasized Denmark’s stance on the matter. “I have read the article in the Wall Street Journal and it worries me greatly because we do not spy on friends,” he said. The Danish Foreign Minister announced plans to summon the acting U.S. ambassador for discussions at the foreign ministry to seek clarification and confirm the disturbing reports.
The report suggests that the U.S. is intensifying its intelligence operations in Greenland, possibly linked to President Donald Trump’s longstanding interest in the region. According to sources cited by the WSJ, the efforts are part of a broader focus on Arctic security and strategic interests, with some reports indicating that the U.S. is considering taking a more assertive stance over Greenland.
A spokesperson for the U.S. State Department declined to comment directly on the intelligence activities, instead referencing a previous statement from National Security Council spokesperson James Hewitt. Hewitt noted that President Trump has been clear about the U.S. concern for Greenland’s security and the Arctic region.
The situation has heightened diplomatic tensions, as Trump has repeatedly expressed interest in acquiring Greenland, even suggesting the possibility of annexation by force. Such remarks have sparked a diplomatic crisis, with Denmark and Greenland reaffirming that only Greenlanders can decide their future.
While Denmark and Greenland have sought to dismiss U.S. ambitions over the territory, they are also keen to maintain strong diplomatic ties with the United States. The delicate balance underscores the complex geopolitics of the Arctic, a region of increasing strategic importance.
As discussions continue, the international community watches closely, mindful of the potential implications for Arctic stability and U.S.-European relations.
10-year prison term to American-Iranian Journalist Valizadeh
05-May-2025
An Iranian court has upheld a 10-year prison sentence for Reza Valizadeh, an Iranian-American journalist and former Radio Farda presenter, on charges of “cooperating with the hostile US government,” according to his lawyer Mohammad-Hossein Aghasi.
Valizadeh, who returned to Iran in March 2024 after 14 years abroad, has been detained in Tehran’s Evin prison since September 2024. The court of appeal confirmed the sentence, which also includes a two-year ban on leaving Iran and participating in political parties. Valizadeh remains in solitary confinement, with his lawyer reporting that he has not been allowed visitors.
His lawyer strongly criticized the sentence, stating, “Ten years in prison cannot be the punishment for working in the media, even if it is opposition media.” Radio Farda, the Iranian branch of the U.S.-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, is often targeted by authorities, and Valizadeh’s case has drawn widespread concern.
The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemned the ruling, with General Secretary Anthony Bellanger voicing his full support for Valizadeh. “This is not only a disproportionate sentence, but also extremely unjust. The Iranian regime must stop prosecuting journalists and critical voices in the country, and halt its systematic violations of prisoners’ rights. We urge the authorities to immediately release Valizadeh and all journalists imprisoned in Iran.”
The case highlights ongoing tensions between Iran and international media organizations, as the government continues to crack down on journalists and dissenting voices. The global community remains watchful, calling for justice and the protection of press freedom in Iran.
Imprisioned Journalists in Iran
Vida Rabani, a freelance journalist at Shargh newspaper, was arrested at her home in Tehran on 24 September 2022.
Jina Modares Gorji, a freelance journalist, began serving her 16-month jail sentence in the prison of Sanandaj city on 12 November 2024.
Reza Valizadeh, Iranian-American journalist and former Radio Farda presenter, was arrested in Tehran in March 2024.
Saeedeh Shafiee, an economy journalist, started serving her three-year and seven-month jail sentence on 6 September 2024.
Mostafa Nemati entered prison in Abadan city on 2 November to serve a 40-month term.